Analysis of S11 Values of Planar Inverted-F Antennas Utilizing ANFIS as an Alternative for Microstrip Antennas

Antenna innovation has significantly influenced the advancement of wireless communications and connectivity. Antenna design and optimization have played a crucial role in driving these advancements. Among various antenna designs, the Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) has emerged as a notable option with numerous benefits, making it widely adopted in wireless devices and systems. One crucial factor in antenna design is measuring reflected power caused by impedance mismatch. To address this, the present study evaluated the classification of PIFAs operating at different frequencies using the Tagaki-Sugeno Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model. The Matlab platform's antenna designer and fuzzy logic designer were utilized for this purpose. The results indicate a close relationship between the produced S11 values. For each frequency (700 MHz, 2600 MHz, and 3600 MHz) of the simulated PIFA, 27 fuzzy rules were generated. The lowest s11 values recorded are −6.1, −2.6, and −57.1 dB, while the lowest ANFIS-generated s11 values are −5.7, −2.3, and −16.5 dB. The analysis involved scatter plots of S11 values and the examination of radiation patterns. The simulation used a flame retardant 4 (FR4) substrate and Copper conductor. The linguistic input variables for the S11 output values consisted of frequency, reactance, and resistance. The simulated PIFA demonstrated lower return loss values than microstrip antennas, indicating better impedance matching. Considering the findings, the utilization of PIFA and the ANFIS model proves beneficial in classifying antennas of different operating frequencies. This research contributes to the continuous improvement of antenna design, enabling enhanced wireless communications systems.