Single-pair Equatorial Dipole-Dipole Underground Imaging Antenna Capacitance Minimization Using Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm

Roads using capacitive resistivity underground imaging at very low frequencies are vulnerable to capacitance dynamics characteristic of the antenna, which can lead to unwanted signal reflection, coupling, and an adverse influence on the sensitivity of the reception. Conventional mathematical antenna models are time-consuming, repetitive, prone to error by humans, and produce inconsistent results. A novel method for optimizing plate-wire antenna capacitance by equatorial dipole-dipole antenna geometry modeling has been proposed in this paper to tackle this new problem. It involves the use of Genetic programming (GP) optimized through the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. Based on 241 permutations of antenna wire radius and elevation along with the width, length, thickness, and elevation of dipole plates, GP was utilized to develop the fitness function of the capacitance of the antenna. The GP-GWO was used to minimize the capacitance (almost 1 nF) in order to achieve quasi-static conditions. The developed GP-GWO model was compared to the electrical properties of the default antenna and other improved versions through 3D modeling using Altair Feko. In terms of sensitivity, the suggested model outperformed the existing models to the point where it could detect the presence of the pipe that provided the lowest received voltage of 0.080V clearly.