Multi-Source Energy Harvesting Systems: A PRISMA Approach on Energy Sources and Optimization Strategies

Multi-source energy harvesting systems have attracted a lot of attention recently due to their potential to harness energy from various sources and provide sustainable power solutions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach to systematically provide information on multi-source energy harvesting systems’ most promising energy sources, optimization strategies and future directions assisting to the designs and implementation of sustainable energy harvesting systems in various applications. most promising energy sources, optimization strategies and future directions assisting to the designs and implementation of sustainable energy harvesting systems in various applications. In total, 15 full text articles were analyzed and compared to provide an overview of the energy sources and optimization strategies applied in multi-source energy harvesters. Results revealed that piezoelectric energy is the most utilized energy source while solar and wind energies are the most promising because they are ecological, cost – effective and abundant. Moreover, the optimization technique mostly applied in the reviewed articles is mathematical modeling due to its rigorous and systematic approach allowing for informed decision-making and efficient utilization of available energy resources. Whilst, with the fast-changing trend in technology, artificial intelligence offers more transparency, decreased cost, and complexity, as well as increased efficiency and employment opportunities.