Trigger-Based Scheduling and Turning Policy Assignment for Mixed-Traffic Intersection Management

Intersections are a major source of traffic accidents and congestion. The development of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) is expected to improve safety and traffic efficiency at intersections, but there will be a lengthy period with the existence of Human-driven Vehicles (HVs). For mixed-traffic intersection management, an iconic reservation-based scheduling approach, H-AIM [1], introduces a concept of "active green trajectory" and has a noteworthy performance. However, the traffic model of H-AIM schedules traffic lights for different roads in a rotating manner, which causes lower scheduling flexibility. Therefore, we propose a trigger-based scheduling approach which allows an Intersection Manager (IM) to detect HVs on lanes and trigger the traffic lights correspondingly. Besides, to encourage CAV adoption for more efficient traffic, we propose principles of designing the combinations of turning policies favoring CAVs. The experimental results show that our proposed trigger-based scheduling approach outperforms H-AIM [1], and the turning policy assignment provides insights to mixed-traffic intersection management.