Magnetic Force Calculation Using Virtual Air Gap Penetrating Finite Elements

In the finite element method (FEM), a whole space is formed using meshes, and these meshes are organized based on material boundaries to define domains for magnetic force calculations. However, with the help of the virtual air-gap concept, it is also possible to obtain a magnetic force in a domain drawn independently regardless of the boundaries of objects in an environment in which elements and physical quantities are already determined. Then, repetitive work can be performed by configuring the magnetic force calculation area in post-processing without meshes shape correction and recalculation. This also serves to delineate the characteristics of computational tools for the precise representation of magnetic forces within the material.