Emerging Technologies for Carbon Capture and Storage in Energy Transition

This article examines and evaluates the prominent characteristics of the continuing shift in energy from a higher-carbon to a low-carbon marketplace. The study indicates that to make this shift, it will be necessary to eliminate carbon emissions from the electricity, transportation, and industrial sectors. The particular method for this change will vary depending on the nation. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology will significantly contribute to the power transition by reducing carbon emissions from current and future fossil fuel electricity plants and creating low-carbon fossil-fuel-based blue hydrogen. Blue hydrogen is a versatile resource utilized in hydrogen fuel cell transportation and as a source of heat and feedstock in many industrial applications. Current projections indicate that the world’s saltwater aquifers and oil and gas reserves can store carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions caused by human activities for 200 years. The sluggish progress with the execution of CCS is problematic. It can be attributed to the insufficient profitability of CO2-enhanced petroleum extraction caused by low oil prices, the absence of fiscal incentives for CO2 geological preservation, limited popularity, inconsistent government energy policies and CCS rules, and the substantial capital expenditure required. The research suggests many strategies to expedite the introduction of CCS. These measures include the creation of local CCS regions to benefit from economies of scale, including the public in CCS initiatives, implementing carbon taxes, and applying public-private partnerships for funding, knowledge transfer, and collaboration among multiple stakeholders.