Revolutionizing Agri-Food Sustainability: An Overview and Future Outlook : Integrating IoT, DLT, and Machine Learning for Enhanced Farming Practices

The agri-food sector stands at a critical juncture, facing the dual challenges of meeting the growing global food demand and ensuring environmental sustainability. This paper explores the transformative potential of integrating Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), and Machine Learning (ML) to address these challenges. IoT sensors collect real-time data on agricultural conditions, enabling precision farming and efficient resource management. DLT, including blockchain and IOTA’s Tangle, offers a secure and transparent framework for managing this data, ensuring integrity and facilitating trust among stakeholders. ML algorithms analyze the data to predict trends, optimize farming practices, and enhance decision-making. This paper highlights the significant reductions in resource consumption and environmental impact achieved by this integrated approach. The synergy between IoT, DLT, and ML not only enhances agricultural productivity and sustainability but also aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), offering a comprehensive solution to the sector’s pressing challenges. However, widespread adoption faces technical, economic, and social hurdles. Addressing these challenges through continued innovation and collaboration is crucial for realizing the full potential of these technologies in creating a sustainable, efficient, and food-secure future.