Interval Observer-Based Attack Detection in Smart Grid Under FlexRay Communication Protocols

In this paper, the detection of false data injection attacks (FDIA) in the smart grid based on interval observer is studied under the FlexRay communication protocol. The FDIA is highly stealthy and can modify the sensor data to affect system performance without being detected by common detection mechanisms. A cyber-attack detection mechanism against FDIA is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the smart grid is divided into several sub-areas for analysis and modeling, and a novel FlexRay communication protocol is designed to schedule the transmission of information in each sub-area. Next, an interval observer considering internal state boundaries and disturbances is designed based on the information after transmission to estimate the upper and lower bounds of the system states. An algorithm for attack detection against FDIA using interval residuals from interval observers is proposed. In addition, using the augmentation technique and the Lyapunov stability analysis method, sufficient conditions to ensure the stability of the estimation error system are given in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMI), and the interval observer gains are obtained by solving the LMI. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a simulation example.