Two-Stage Robust Optimization for Co-Evolving PV and ESS in a Rural Distribution Network

With the development of rural economic level, rural distribution networks face the issue of limited development. Among them, the problem of low voltage at the end of rural network lines and poor power quality is one of the key constraints to its development. In order to handle the issue of low bus voltage and lower the cost in rural distribution networks, this paper proposes a two-stage robust co-evolution for photovoltaics (PVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). In the first stage, the construction cost and profit from carbon emissions are considered to determine the best configuration scheme. In the second stage, based on the probabilistic distribution of PV power generation, the model calculates the optimal scheme to minimize the bus voltage deviation and realize the co-evolution of PV and ESS. The numerical analysis of a rural distribution network in southern China demonstrates that the proposed method can lower cost, bus voltage deviations and reduce the carbon emissions resulting from electricity consumption.