Investigation Results and Evaluation Method of Electrical Energy Loss in the Devices of 110 kV and 220 kV Substations

With the continuing development of world economy, especially with the rapid growth of emerging economies and the acceleration of industrialization, the consumption rate of energy is being propelled. The electrical energy losses generated during the transformation and transmission of electrical energy constitute a major part of the energy losses in power systems, as well as the carbon emissions. This paper investigates the situation of energy losses in four typical power substations (two 110 kV and two 220 kV) in Zhejiang Province, China, indicating that the losses power transformer and reactive power compensation equipment is the main part of substation's energy loss. Moreover, a simple but effective analytical model for substation's energy loss is established, considering both the constant loss and variable loss. This study can give a guidance to the energy loss estimation and carbon emission reduction in the operation of low-carbon oriented power substations.