Study on Reactive Power and Voltage Fluctuations Characteristics of Power Transformer Models Under Simulated Extreme Geomagnetic Disturbances Induced Current

The advancement of China's energy transformation requires building a new power system. New power system has unique technical characteristics, and it faces new development opportunities and challenges. In addition to traditional accidents that damage the stability of power systems., non-traditional safety accidents such as extreme weather., geomagnetic storms., and electromagnetic attacks also require great attention.., . In this paper., we discuss the possible geomagnetic induced current (GIC) that may occur in the power system which potentially caused by solar storms extreme geomagnetic disturbances (SS-GMD)and high-altitude electromagnetic pulses late time effects (HEMP E3). The impact path and mechanism of GIC on the power equipment was firstly analyzed. Then., a HEMP E3 effect injection experimental circuit was proposed., and verified through simulation. Based on that., a HEMP E3 GIC source was developed to conduct relevant effect experiments. Finally., a PSCAD/EMTDC model was developed to simulate the partial electromagnetic effects of power transformers under extreme GIC injection., including harmonic distortion., sudden increase in reactive power loss., and bus voltage drop. This work can provide reference and data support for future effect experiments.