Optimal Model of Electric–Heat Integrated Energy System with Conditional Value-at-Risk in Cold Regions

In light of the significant rise in the percentage of photovoltaic in the grid, which contributes to system uncertainty, this study presents an optimal operation model for integrated energy system (IES) in cold regions. The objective function in the model contains three components: day-ahead operation cost, real-time operation cost, and the product of risk attitude level and risk cost. The model employs conditional value-at-risk to compute the risk cost, considering both the risk attitude level and risk cost during the operation of the IES as crucial factors influencing the scheduling decision. Through the calculation of scheduling and risk cost for systems with varying risk attitude levels, it is found that considering risk cost results in a reduction of 6016.85 RMB compared to not considering it. This suggests that the consideration of risk cost significantly impacts the decision-making process of the IES. Additionally, it is observed that as the risk attitude level increases from 1 to 5, the operating cost increases by 5560.19 RMB and the risk cost decreases by 2610.36 RMB. The study illustrates that the risk attitude level significantly affects the operational planning of the system and serves as a guiding factor for the operation of the IES.