Optimal Sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems Participating in Primary Frequency Control in Turkish Power Grid

This study introduces a methodological approach along with a sample application algorithm that considers critical parameters such as depth of discharge (DoD), C
rate
, and dead band for the optimal sizing of batteries to engage in primary frequency control (PFC) within the Turkish electricity grid. The algorithm's objective is to offer PFC support with minimal cycle count and maximum duration, while consistently maintaining proximity to the optimal state of charge (SoC). To attain this objective, annual frequency data is analyzed to discern the frequency characteristic of the Turkish electricity grid, which serves as a pivotal reference point for establishing the dead band for battery energy storage system (BESS). Example scenario studies have demonstrated that the proposed algorithm achieves optimal sizing and effectively implements battery participation in PFC for specific parameters. Consequently, it is inferred that the proposed method provides ideal charge-discharge depth and sizing parameters for a BESS participating in PFC within the Turkish grid. As a future direction, it is recommended to conduct more detailed analyses focusing on various market activities such as arbitrage, reduction of renewable energy imbalances, or peak shaving, and to develop hybrid algorithms.