Zero Watermark to Protect 3D Models Based on the Mean Normal Vectors of Polygons

This paper discusses a method of protecting rights to digital 3D models using zero-watermarking technology. The method involves the calculation of a vector descriptor of the model based on the division of the model into separate blocks of polygons and the calculation of the average normal vector for each block. The paper describes a study of the robustness of this descriptor to noise in point coordinates, model rotation, resizing, shifting, smoothing, and simplification of the model, as well as the descriptor's ability to detect models after they have been distorted.