Use of p-Norm in Parametric Optimization in Embedded Elements of Composite Structures

This paper presents an approach for processing the results of a direct problem solution to ensure convergence of the differential evolution algorithm. As an example, it describes the solution to the problem of lug optimization, considering the adhesion between the lug body and the embedded elements. This study constructs response surfaces of the objective function and constraint with and without smoothing. The p-norm operator is used to approximate the maximum stress operator in the structural elements to enhance computational efficiency and facilitate convergence. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by comparing smoothed and unsmoothed stress responses.