Optimal Load Frequency Control Using Particle Swarm Optimization for Power System Stability

This study explores Load Frequency Control (LFC) through three distinct strategies, emphasizing the critical role of stable and optimal power system performance in ensuring reliable energy grid operation. In Case 1, without a PID controller, the system experiences characteristics such as a Rise Time of 0.4143 seconds, Settling Time of 6.9202 seconds, a notable Overshoot of 0.9709%, and a Peak Value of 60. Transitioning to Case 2 with Conventional PID control, improvements are evident in parameters like reduced Rise Time (2.3980 × 10
⁻⁶
), shorter Settling Time (4.6951 seconds), negligible Overshoot (0.0016%), and a Peak Value of 60.0001. In Case 3, employing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-optimized PID control showcases exceptional performance with a remarkable Rise Time (3.0765 ×10
⁻¹⁰
), swift Settling Time (1.5093 seconds), minimal Overshoot (9.8068 ×10
⁻⁵
%), and a Peak Value of 60.0001 at 2.9381 seconds. These outcomes highlight the efficacy of PSO-optimized PID control in achieving rapid response, minimal overshoot, and heightened stability, providing valuable insights for optimizing power system stability in interconnected grids.