3D Reconstruction of Light Microscopic Images and Its Significance for Better Clinical Decisions: A Systematic Review Emphasizing Gastric Histopathology

Histopathological findings depend on the distinction between normal and subtle changes in mucosal tissues. These distinctions are made based on the nature of the cell lining, nuclear hyperchromasia and cyto-architecture of glands. Diagnosis is mostly based on the experience of the pathologists, which is a subjective procedure. This research focuses on automating the process through 3D reconstruction of gastric histopathology images enhancing quantitative diagnosis. It emphasizes the advantages of 3D reconstruction from light microscopic serial section gastric images over whole slide imaging for clinical decision-making. Comparative analysis shows that processing and analyzing WSI scans are more expensive than light microscopy. While 2D imaging with light microscopy faces challenges due to limited focal depth, especially for thin sections, the objective of this research is to highlight the importance of transforming 2D gastric images into 3D by layering sequential sections. It will offer insights into glandular texture and volume, aiding in distinguishing between malignant glands and benign mimickers. The paper presents a summary and comparative examination of the registration techniques necessary for reconstructing 3D histopathology images. Additionally, it discusses future directions in the field of 3D histopathology reconstruction and acknowledges its potential benefits for research scholars. This will hold potential interest for pathologists when grading gastric carcinoma.