Wireless Monitoring of S-Parameters Measurement Using a Nano-VNA for Biomedical Applications

Measurement of biological metabolites, such as glucose and lactate are important in both healthcare and athletic settings. Many approaches for noninvasive remote sensing of glucose or lactate use on-body resonator circuits that measure changes in resonant frequency to determine concentrations. However, conventional VNAs are impractical for taking on-body measurements as they have to be small and portable so they can measure while the subject is moving. This paper presents an approach that uses “nano” VNAs, non-invasive sensors, and wireless communication circuits to create practical on-body measurement systems capable of transmitting S-parameters data for remote analysis.