FSD-YOLO: An Improved Method for Steel Surface Defect Detection Based on YOLOv5

Steel surface defect detection is very important in industrial quality inspection, and there have been many studies on Steel surface defect detection in recent years. Existing steel surface defect detection algorithms suffer from low detection accuracy and high model complexity. To improve the above problems, this paper proposes an optimized target detection algorithm based on YOLOv5. Firstly, the original spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) module is replaced by the SPPFCSPC module to better capture the target and scene information at different scales, and to improve the sensory field and feature expression ability of the model. Secondly, we propose the C2F-Faster module based on FasterNet and C2F module to replace the C3 module of the backbone network, which perfectly integrates the ideas of PConv and ELAN and ensures the detection accuracy while effectively reducing the model size. Finally, the Dynamic Head detection head is fused in the head of the model to improve the detection capability of the target detection head using the separated attention mechanism. We conducted experimental validation on the widely used NEU-DET dataset. The experimental results show that the improved model improves the original YOLOv5 model over the original YOLOv5 model by 3.6% in mAP
@50
, 9.9% and 2.8% in AP and AR, respectively, and the amount of model parameters is reduced by 13.2%. The improved model also outperforms SSD, FasterRCNN, YOLOv5, YOLOv6, YOLOv7, YOLOv8 and other mainstream target detection models, which better meets the requirements of actual industrial production on the accuracy and speed of steel surface defects detection model.