Detection of Breast Cancer using the Microstrip Patch Antenna on a PBG

The microstrip patch antenna (MSPA) consists of a dielectric substrate positioned between a metallic steering cover and an earth plane. Microstrip patch antennas are increasingly popular due to their ease of analysis and fabrication, cost-effectiveness, lightweight design, ease of feeding, and appealing radiation characteristics. This paper focuses on designing a compact antenna suitable for an extensive domain of radio frequency solicitations, including military purposes. Typically, the MSPA operates through a microstrip edge feed or a coaxial cable. The rectangular and circular patch MSPAs represents the canonical forms of this structure. This paper introduces an innovative photonic band gap substrate-centered MSPA intended for tumor identification. The antenna dimensions are $600 \times 600 \times 157 \mu \mathrm{m}^{3}$, with a reverberation frequency of 0.203THz. It exhibits a reflection factor of $-23.7554 \mathrm{~dB}$ and a gain of $7.2 \mathrm{~dB}$. The design demonstrates excellent matching with the feedline, as indicated by a VSWR value of 1.1290. The achieved total radiation efficiency is $98.339 \%$. We conduct a comprehensive exploration of variations in the antenna’s radiation properties resulting from changes in its geometry. The antenna’s radiation characteristics are utilized for cancer diagnosis.