An Approach to the Calculation of Parameters in BS-UAV Networks

Today, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are extensively employed in wireless communication systems due to their mobility and exceptional maneuverability. With the advantage of flying high to increase the line of sight (LOS) probability with ground user equipment (UE), many studies have demonstrated that using UAVs to replace ground base stations (BS) can reduce transmission power loss. However, most research results are still limited to simulations with implicit formulas. This paper provides a closed formula for calculating the communication power gain of a cell based on environmental parameters. To achieve this, we propose an approximately linear mathematical model that allows for determining the formula for the optimal elevation angle, thereby calculating the coverage area of the UAV-BS and communication power gain of the coverage area. Simulations show that the proposed formula can be applied over a wide range of environmental parameters, and the quantitative results enable rapid cell planning for communication designers.