GNSS Interference Localization for Vehicular Jammers using low-cost COTS Sensors

Purposefully generated radio frequency interference signals, i.e., jammers, for global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) can be used for a variety of criminal activities in road traffic. To protect surrounding GNSS applications, e.g., critical infrastructure, and to penalize the use of illegal jammers, authorities need the capability to detect and localize GNSS interference sources accurately in a cost-efficient way. This paper compares time difference of arrival (TDOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) approaches for interference localization using relatively low-cost commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) hardware. Multiple indoor and outdoor field tests in relevant scenarios show that localization is possible with both TDOA and AOA. With AOA, the localization results for the investigated low-cost COTS sensors are potentially sufficient to pinpoint a single moving motor vehicle on a highway.