Distributed Control and Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Microgrid with Renewable Energy Sources

This study investigates the integration of distributed control and optimization methods within a microgrid featuring electric vehicle (EV) charging stations powered by renewable energy sources. The microgrid is configured with 500 solar panels, 10 wind turbines, and energy storage systems, establishing a versatile and environmentally sustainable energy framework. The EV charging stations demonstrate notable performance, achieving an average efficiency of 92%, a peak efficiency of 94%, and efficient rapid charging, reaching an 80% charge within 30 minutes. The optimization model effectively assigns energy, leading to an average utilization of 75% of renewable energy for EV charging, substantially diminishing the carbon footprint. The distributed control algorithm exhibits effectiveness, ensuring a load balancing accuracy of 97% and optimizing the microgrid's resource utilization. The microgrid exhibits seamless transitions between grid-connected and islanded modes, characterized by a swift transition time of 5 milliseconds, underscoring its reliability during grid interactions. The conclusion provides recommendations for the expansion of distributed control systems, the incorporation of advanced forecasting techniques, and the execution of comprehensive economic analyses. This study not only advances sustainable energy solutions, particularly in the realm of EV charging infrastructure, but also offers valuable insights for future developments in this field..