Performance Evaluation of a Small-Scale Microgrid Based on Centralized Multilevel Inverters

In this paper, a microgrid including a photovoltaic (PV) system, battery energy storage system (BESS), and Diesel converter set (DGS) connected with the grid via a controlled power switch. Solar irradiance towels are annually considered for Karbala City in Iraq for testing the proposed microgrid under virus scenarios. Three power conversion topologies are demonstrated, which are (i) Distributed Inverter System (DIS), (ii) Central Inverter System (CIS), and (iii) Central Multi-Level Level Inverter System (CMLI), to assist the performance of the system. The findings reveal that CMLI systems excel in utilizing solar energy compared to other setups, achieving superior photovoltaic power generation and efficiency. Effective battery management, emphasizing the equilibrium between charging and discharging, proves crucial for optimizing energy storage. Supplementary diesel power ensures continuous energy provision, complementing solar resources. Advanced control systems maintain stable AC voltage levels, bolstering system reliability. Analysis of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) highlights the effectiveness of central inverters and multi-inverters in minimizing electrical output distortion, thereby enhancing overall system efficiency. These discoveries underscore the significance of robust energy management strategies and meticulous system design for ensuring sustainable and dependable power distribution in Karbala City throughout different seasons.