Scrambled UFMC and OFDM Techniques With APSK Modulation in 5G Networks Using Particle Swarm Optimization

This research addresses the challenges of high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), sideband leakage, and spectrum efficiency in 5G wireless networks. We compare Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC), Scrambled UFMC (S-UFMC), and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques using Amplitude Phase Shift Keying (APSK) modulation. Our findings show that APSK modulation significantly reduces PAPR compared to traditional methods. Integrating Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with Partial Transmit Sequences (PTS)-OFDM and S-UFMC minimizes PAPR and computational complexity. Results demonstrate that S-UFMC with PSO optimization achieves superior performance, offering lower PAPR, reduced complexity, and enhanced spectral efficiency, positioning it as a promising 5G waveform. This research highlights the potential of advanced waveform designs to improve 5G communication systems. UFMC demonstrated improved spectral efficiency with sidelobe levels reaching as low as 0.2, indicating efficient spectrum utilization. The research achieved a PAPR of 7.393 dB for 16-APSK with 512 subcarriers and 7.414 dB for 1024 subcarriers after optimization. The PSO algorithm significantly reduced PAPR values, with the Scrambled UFMC system outperforming PTS-OFDM and standard UFMC in terms of PAPR.