Securing AI Systems: A Comprehensive Overview of Cryptographic Techniques for Enhanced Confidentiality and Integrity

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced transformative changes across industries, accompanied by escalating security concerns. This paper contributes to the imperative need for robust security measures in AI systems based on the application of cryptographic techniques. This research analyzes AI-ML systems vulnerabilities and associated risks and identifies existing cryptographic methods that could constitute security measures to mitigate such risks. Information assets subject to cyberattacks are identified, such as training data and model parameters, followed by a description of existing encryption algorithms and a suggested approach to use a suitable technique, such as homomorphic encryption CKKS, along with digital signatures based on ECDSA to protect the digital assets through all the AI system life cycle. These methods aim to safeguard sensitive data, algorithms, and AI-generated content from unauthorized access and tampering. The outcome offers potential and practical solutions against privacy breaches, adversarial attacks, and misuse of AI-generated content. Ultimately, this work aspires to bolster public trust in AI technologies, fostering innovation in a secure and reliable AI-driven landscape.