Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Smart Factories: Battery Energy Storage Systems Integration Analysis

In the rapidly evolving scenario of renewable energy technology, the integration of battery energy storage systems (BESS) has emerged as a key solution. Leveraging BESSs is imperative to fully harness energy resources like solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and mitigate their inherent intermittency. However, the effectiveness of storage systems depends on the ability of the control mechanisms that govern charge and discharge decisions. This paper presents an optimal control (OC) framework tailored to individual nodes hosting PV generation systems, highlighting the limitation of approaches that rest on rule-based controller. The proposed OC controller not only optimizes operating costs and revenue generation, but is also able to handle the inherent variability in energy prices, thus representing an innovative solution in the industry. The effectiveness of this control strategy is evaluated in two separate industry settings, using real-world data that include production, consumption, and energy market dynamics. By conducting an in-depth analysis of different BESSs, our methodology reveals a significant economic impact. Comparative evaluations with two rule-based controllers emphasize the indispensability of using sophisticated control systems, affirming their key role in effectively managing energy costs.