W-Band Wideband Transmit-Array Antenna Based on Multiresonance Multimode Huygens Metasurface

One kind of wideband high-efficiency transmit-array antenna (TA) based on multiresonance multimode Huygens metasurface (HMS) is proposed. By constructing multiple poles and low
$Q_{\varphi }$
element, wideband element resonance bandwidth (BW) and phase BW can be obtained simultaneously. Additionally, the HMS element library with an average phase coverage exceeding 500° is constructed, which features ultrathin and simple structure without any vias. For demonstration, one prototype of W-band TA using
$20\times 20$
wideband HMS elements is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results indicate a peak gain of 27.89 dBi and aperture efficiency over 43% at central frequency of 80 GHz. Moreover, large 3-dB gain BW of 30.63% (73.7–98.2 GHz) and 1-dB gain BW of 11.38% (76.4–85.5 GHz) are realized, which are approximately twice the current BW of other single-resonance HMS designs. The results indicate the proposed wideband HMS-based TA a promising candidate for vehicle radar and satellite-to-Earth communication in high millimeter-wave bands.