Cutting-Edge Communication: Integrated Satellite Aerial for 6G Networks

The literature on point-to-point (P2P) connections in integrated satellite-aerial networks—which are acknowledged as essential elements in the implementation of sixth-generation (6G) wirelessly networks—is examined in this investigation. The first section describes the features that set apart these large and complex networks, which are often called spatial networks. It focuses on two main types of spatial infrastructures: satellite constellations and high-altitude sites (HAPs). The following hierarchy classifies P2P connections, which include HAP-to-HAP links (HHL), satellite-to-satellite links across various levels (SSLD), and satellite-to-satellite links inside the same layer (SSLL). A detailed analysis of all the layers in spatial networks is then provided, with a focus on the possible properties of connecting links (e.g., radio-frequency or free-space optics) and a comprehensive review of the link-budget results that have been published so far. The discussion then emphasizes the possible advantages of setting up a cohesive satellite-HAP network, especially when it comes to providing broadband services to distant and underserved locations. Finally, future directions in the field of spatial networks are highlighted, such as intelligent transfer, smart platforms, energy conservation in distributed spatial networks, routing, large-scale network optimization, and numerous access strategies.