Optimizing Urban Parking Utility: Strategic and Operational Planning of Fixed and Mobile EV Charging Services in Hybrid Parking Systems

This paper introduces a novel hybrid parking system that integrates stationary charging piles (SCPs) and mobile charging robots (MCRs) to optimize urban parking utility. The model categorizes parking spaces based on the presence of SCPs, considering customer behavior including improper parking. It also introduces an operational algorithm—Earliest Available Device First (EADF)—to manage real-time scheduling of MCRs efficiently. Through strategic planning and operational management, the system aims to enhance social welfare by balancing cost-efficiency with flexible charging solutions. We evaluate our approach based on real-world data, demonstrating how MCRs significantly improve both the strategic and accumulated operational aspects of urban parking facilities. The results showcase the potential of hybrid systems in urban environments, promoting higher utility and cost-effective management.