Influence of Defect Density on the Performance of the Perovskite CH3NH3SnI3 absorber layer

Solar cells based on Perovskite materials have received great attention due to their excellent light-harvesting characteristics and low processing cost and among the perovskite materials commonly employed in photovoltaics, lead halide
$(\text{CH}_{3}\text{NH}_{3}\text{PbI}_{3})$
stands out as an effective light collector. Given the environmental concerns because of the toxic nature of lead (Pb),
$(\text{CH}_{3}\text{NH}_{3}\text{SnI}_{3})$
offer a potential solution while maintaining the inherent photovoltaic efficiency in perovskite solar cells. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the defect density (Nt) on the of lead-free perovskite solar cell (PSC).