Modeling the Effect of Particles on Heat Transfer and Temperature Distribution in Transformer Oil

In the electrical power system, the transformer is one of the crucial pieces of equipment among many others. The oil it contains is a highly complex and sensitive part of the insulation system, as particles suspended in it can lead to deterioration of the insulation system. These particles can lead to a change in temperature distribution, depending on the type of particles and their thermal properties. The main objective of this paper is to study the impact of particles that may exist in the oil due to various mechanical, chemical factors and during manufacturing. More specifically, the influence of factors such as air, water, insulating paper, copper, and nanoparticles on the heat transfer rate of oil is examined using mathematical modeling based on Fourier's law. Furthermore, their impact on temperature distribution by a heat transfer model using the finite element approach in the COMSOL environment. The mathematical and simulation models provided consistent results, showing distinct temperatures responses for each particle type. The presence of air has a detrimental effect, while insulating paper has a marginal impact. Conversely, the existence of water, copper particles and nanoparticles has a favorable influence in heat dissipation and reducing thermal stresses. The models obtained have made it possible to meet expectations regarding temperature distribution in oil-filled transformers.