Optimizing Transformer Performance: A Comparative Analysis of K-Factor Impact on No-Load and Load Losses

The rising popularity of equipment with switching power supplies, such as personal computers and electronic devices, has led to increased non-linear loads. These loads create harmonic currents, generating heat in distribution equipment, neutral conductors, and transformers. A K-Factor-rated transformer is designed to manage harmonic-generating loads that produce extra heat and pose a risk of overheating. This research investigates the impact of varying K-factor ratings on the performance of transformers, with a focus on no-load losses and load losses. Through experimental results, transformers with K-factors (K-1, K-4, K-13, and K-20) were examined to understand their energy efficiency and harmonic load-handling capabilities. The results reveal distinct patterns in energy losses, showcasing the influence of the K-factor on transformer performance. The results show lower values in load losses for higher K-factor transformers, underscore their efficiency in handling harmonic loads, and demonstrate their suitability for applications with nonlinear loads.