Improved Fractional $\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{I}}^{{\alpha }}{\mathrm{D}}^{{\beta }}$ Controller for AVR System via a New Optimization Algorithm

In this study, a pioneering metaheuristic optimization approach, named Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID)-based Search Algorithm (PSA), is suggested for the first time in the context of Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) regulation. Our attention is directed towards the utilization of PID controllers, demonstrating augmented efficacy and resilience. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive transient response for Fractional-Order PID (FOPID), elucidating its capability to enhance system control. Through simulations and comparative assessments, we showcase the effectiveness of the PSA metaheuristic in optimizing AVR parameters. This endeavor sets a course for progress in the realm of power system stability and control.