MIMO Antenna Design for Wireless Communication: A Review on Design Challenges and Isolation Techniques

The rapid advancement in modern wireless technologies, especially with 5G and beyond wireless communication networks, requires high data throughput, increased channel capacity, and highly reliable communication with good quality of service. Today's wireless environment of all connected devices ranging from smartphones to smart cities of different IoT devices needs to be communicated with each other, requiring an efficient antenna system with improved bandwidth and excellent tolerance to multipath fading. MIMO antennas are suitable for this purpose as they can launch multiple signals and increase channel capacity and diversity. However, MIMO antennas face the problem of mutual coupling, which reduces their performance. This article discusses MIMO antennas for mobile and data communications, including their performance measures and techniques to mitigate mutual coupling and improve isolation between antenna elements.