Comparative Analysis of Two-Area Load Frequency Control Using Tilted-Integral-Derivative (TID) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controllers

Power systems require Load Frequency Control (LFC) for optimal operation. This component regulates the generator's output to accommodate frequency fluctuations in order to maintain frequency and power exchange within specified limits. This article contrasts secondary controllers, specifically examining PID and TID. Controllers are used in two-area thermal reheat systems. Genetic algorithm optimises Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and Two-Input-Two-Output (TID) controllers. Controller performance is evaluated in a step load perturbation scenario based on overshoot, undershoot, and settling time. The TID controller consistently surpasses other controllers in performance, especially in settling time, as indicated by the results. This comparison evaluates the various ways controllers manage system responses when faced with load disturbances.