Design Parameters and Performance Metrics of X-Band Patch Antennas: Insights from Design and Testing

The X-band is a frequency range within the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. It covers the frequency range from approximately 8.0 to 12.0 GHz. X-band frequencies are characterized by relatively short wavelengths, which makes them suitable for a wide range of applications across various fields. This paper presents an investigation into the design, and performance analysis of an X-band patch antenna, featuring an insert feed, a defected ground plane, and omnidirectional characteristics. The antenna is simulated in CST Studio Suite, where simulation results indicate a return loss of -34.03 dB with a bandwidth of 2.1 GHz, and a gain of 4.73 dB. Upon fabrication and testing, the antenna exhibits a return loss of -32.73dB, a bandwidth of 2.25 GHz, and a gain of 4.15 dB. These findings showcase the antenna’s efficiency and wide operational bandwidth, making it suitable for various X-band applications. The integration of an insert feed and a defective ground plane contributes to its omnidirectional radiation pattern, and wider bandwidth offering potential advantages in communication systems requiring broad coverage..