Recent Developments in Designing Internet of Things Architectures

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly evolving technology that has the potential to revolutionize the way we interact with the world around us. IoT refers to the interconnection of physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other objects (including cloud) that are embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity, allowing them to collect and exchange data. The data collected by these devices can be analyzed to provide insights that can be used to optimize processes, improve efficiency, and enhance user experiences. IoT architecture provides a systematic way of interaction between different components within the ecosystem. However each IoT architecture has its advantages and shortcomings. Also with respect to different industry requirements we need to look for different IoT architectures and designs. This literature review focuses on the recent developments in some well-known IoT architectures such as Three Layered Architecture, Four Layered Architecture, SDN Docker Based Architecture, and Cloud and Fog Architecture, emphasizing the basic fundamentals, key layers – Perception/Sensing, Network, Processing, and Application layers – and their roles in enhancing system efficiency and user experience.