Integrating BLDC Motor in Solar EVs: Design, Modeling, and Fault Identification

this proposed work, a novel eco-friendly four-wheeler has been designed and tested under standard atmospheric road conditions. The vehicle is primarily powered by a 100Wp solar PV module. Challenges such as power reduction due to poor solar radiations, clouds, and shadows are mitigated through an IoT-based boost controller system. Moreover, the vehicle’s functionality is enhanced through advanced control features such as lane detection using LIDAR technology and automatic speed control based on battery state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH), facilitated by IoT. Additionally, the vehicle’s versatility allows it to serve both transportation and cargo-carrying purposes with external carriage options. Autonomous capabilities are further enhanced through vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication systems enabled by a Raspberry Pi module. Furthermore, the CO2 emissions of the proposed vehicle are compared with those of conventional engine vehicles to highlight its environmental benefits. Additionally, fault identification in various Hall Effect sensors on the BLDC motor is monitored using an optimizer, ensuring optimal performance and reliability of the vehicle’s propulsion system.