A Risk-Based Model for Reconfigurable Active Distribution Networks Scheduling in the Presence of Demand-Side Responsive Loads

This paper proposes a risk-based model for reconfigurable active distribution networks scheduling in presence of demand-side responsive loads (DSRLs). The objective function is the total cost minimization, including energy and spinning reserve provision costs, and also active power loss, system reconfiguration, the participation of responsive loads and risk costs. Spinning reserve is provided with the synchronous diesel generators (SDGs). The variable outputs of Wind Turbine (WT) and Photo-Voltaic (PV) resources are considered as the operation uncertainties and also various scenarios are generated and modeled using the probability-tree method. Risk is defined as product of operating state probability, amount of load shedding, and value of lost load due to the generation shortage scenarios of WT-PV resources. The distribution network operator can change the system configuration and power consumption of responsive loads for facing with these uncertainties. Technical constraints are the optimal AC power flow limits and distribution network radial structure after system reconfiguration process. Genetic algorithm is applied to solve our risk-based model as non-linear optimization problem. In order to validate and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model, numerical studies are carried out on 10-bus active distribution network including a PV and WT, two SDGs and DSRLs, and also four tie switches under day-ahead power market condition. Finally, simulation results are summarized.