Lunar Communication-Navigation Integrated Constellation: Frozen Orbit-Based HyInc Walker

Motivated by the vision of establishing the moon as a deep space internet gateway for human exploration of the universe, we focus on the design of a lunar communication and navigation integrated (CNI) satellite constellation. We first introduce the fibonacci lattice virtual observation point (VOP) model with better uniform and stochastic distribution properties. Based on this, we derive objectives related to coverage, power, quadruple overlap, and geometric dilution of precision combined with earth-moon difference analysis, along with multiple multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs). The solution incorporates the pareto model, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II), and constellation system construction. Inspired by the lunar frozen orbit, a constellation configuration called hybrid inclination (HyInc) Walker is proposed and theoretically analyzed. Extensive simulation results are shown, including the revelation of the advantages of the HyInc Walker configuration and its coverage equalization capability. The design of this first lunar integrated constellation and the proposed HyInc Walker configuration is of founding significance and highly migratory.