A Multi-Layered Methodology for Driver Behavior Analysis Using TinyML and Edge Computing

The rapid increase in vehicular sensor data and advances in Internet of Things (IoT) technologies pose a dual challenge and opportunity for real-time traffic management and driver behavior analysis in the domain of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The current gap lies in effectively processing this data at the network edge, which is critical for timely and efficient decision-making in ITS. Our study proposes a novel, multi-layered, stream-oriented data processing methodology specifically designed for edge computing environments to address this challenge. This approach integrates soft sensors, the Typicality and Eccentricity Data Analytics (TEDA) framework, and an incremental clustering algorithm to detect and classify driver behavior patterns. The emphasis on using low-energy hardware and TinyML techniques is crucial, aiming to optimize processing efficiency while minimizing the environmental impact. To substantiate the efficacy of our methodology, we conducted a practical case study in Natal-RN, Brazil, utilizing the Freematics One + OBD-II microcontroller device for real-world application and validation. This involved two participants and focused on real-time data analysis for driver profile detection. The preliminary results demonstrate a significant potential of our approach in accurately classifying driving behaviors and patterns, offering insights for enhancing vehicle efficiency and reducing fuel consumption. This study fills a critical gap in ITS. It sets the stage for future research in sustainable and adaptive transportation systems, leveraging the power of edge computing and incremental algorithms in real-time data stream processing.