Optimal Structure to Maximize Torque per Volume for the Consequent-Pole PMSM and Investigating the Temperature Effect

Heat removal, maximizing torque, minimizing losses, volume, cost, and temperature effect play essential roles in electrical vehicle applications. An inner-rotor consequent-pole permanent magnet synchronous machine (CPPMSM) merits suitable losses, cost, and heat rejection. Hence, first, a two-dimensional model of CPPMSM is explained based on solving Maxwell’s equations in all regions of the machine. Then, all the components of torque, back-EMF, inductance, and unbalanced magnetic forces in the direction of the X-axis and Y-axis and their magnitudes are calculated. Afterward, the overload capability and the torque-speed characteristic are determined based on the average torque. Therefore, to maximize the torque/volume ratio, four metaheuristic optimization algorithms, including Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), and Teaching Learn Base Optimization (TLBO), have been implemented, and the mentioned index is optimized. Since the said algorithms usually can minimize, its inverse is minimized instead of the index mentioned above being maximized. At this stage, the effect of three types of magnetization patterns, i.e., radial, parallel, and bar magnet in shifting, is also considered. The flux density of the permanent magnet changes concerning temperature. Finally, the effect of these changes on cogging, reluctance, and instantaneous torque, as well as back-EMF, unbalance magnetic force (UMF), torque-speed characteristic, and overload capability diagram, will be analyzed. The simulation was performed using MATLAB software.