Recommendations for Ensuring Equitable and Comparable Paragraphs in a Research Paper

Plagiarism is a significant consideration in all areas of research, and is generally considered to be an act of wrongdoing or a violation of official documents or patents. However, in the context of research, it may be appropriate for a researcher to draw on previously published data. It is important to consider whether the researcher's intentions were fair and whether they were aware of any potential plagiarism. Research papers may employ a range of linguistic modifications, such as paraphrasing, summarizing, checking for semantic similarity, and borrowing concepts, but all such modifications must be properly cited. This paper explores how to determine the similarity between paragraphs in potentially suspicious manuscripts and any paragraphs in reference/source manuscripts in scientific research papers. Additionally, this paper provides guidelines and rules for appropriately paraphrasing to avoid plagiarism.