Study on lithium plating boundaries of lithium-iron battery at low temperature in alternating current heating based on an electrochemical model

Charging of lithium-iron battery at a low temperature has a negative impact on battery performance. Thus, it is necessary to preheat the battery. A lithium plating reaction is added to an electrochemical model to find lithium plating boundaries at a low temperature under isothermal condition. Two double-layer capacitance reactions are added to the positive electrode and negative electrode to accurately establish an electrochemical model for the lithium plating boundaries criterion at high frequencies. The model is simulated at different temperatures, frequencies, and SOC to find the limit current amplitude under these conditions. Meanwhile, the terminal voltage will be discussed with the lithium plating boundaries and the value of the terminal voltage will be found when the negative electrode potential reaches the lithium plating boundaries.