Optimal Wake-Up Time Determination Based on Sleep Cycle Analysis of Electroencephalography Signals

Sleep is essential for physiological and mental well-being. Sleep quality is determined by the pattern of sleep stages rather than the total sleep time. An ideal nighttime sleep pattern includes 4–5 complete sleep cycles, each sleep cycle typically starting with 3 stages of non-Rapid Eye Movement Stages (REM) sleep (N1, N2, N3) and ending with a stage of REM sleep, interspersed with wakefulness during sleep (Wake after sleep onset - WASO). A disrupted sleep cycle, such as being awakened during REM or deep sleep (N3), leads to discomfort upon awakening, known as sleep inertia. The optimal wake-up time is when awakening does not cause sleep inertia. This study aims to determine the optimal wake-up time based on the transition from other stages to N1 and N2 of NREM and WASO. The study will use available data sources such as the (Cyclic Alternative Patterns - CAP) and Sleep-EDF Database Expanded, as well as data collected from actual measurements on the Nicolet One system. After preprocessing, the collected data as extracted with 17 features. Feature selection was performed using an independent t-test, followed by classification using Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Decision Tree models. The results showed that the Decision Tree model achieved the highest accuracy (83.42%), sensitivity (89.86%), and correct prediction on total wake-up group prediction (88.97%). The results achieved show that the optimal wake-up time with data has been labeled by sleep experts using the Decision Tree model, with the highest accuracy (83.42%), sensitivity (89.86%), and the F1 macro (88.97%).