A Review of Reliability and Effective use of Energy for Underwater Sensor Network Systems

Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) consists of sensor nodes that are deployed below water. These nodes are not static like those in sensor networks on the ground. Thus, in order for the detected data to be meaningful, localization is necessary. Due to the significant propagation delays, limited capacity, and the changeable topologies, routing in UWSNs is a challenging issue. Since the underwater environment is so dangerous and prone to rapid changes, it is challenging to consistently maintain the network's reliability. UWSN has a limited source of battery that cannot be replaced or recharged underwater. In addition, establishment of reliable and energy efficient UWSN is a challenging task. In this research article an effort to explain the overview of underwater communication system, its importance, various applications, challenges and the review of the work carried out by the research communities to realize reliable and energy efficient UWSN is highlighted.