Optimal Coordination of Plug-in Electrical Vehicle to Integrate G2V and V2G in Microgrid Operation

Modern power grids face challenges due to the integration of renewable sources such as solar and wind, which are intermittent resources that are not always accessible and may fluctuate in availability. Electricity demand fluctuates throughout the day, with peak periods stressing the grid infrastructure. Plug-in vehicles have the capability to function either as energy consumers or as distributed energy and power resources, a concept commonly referred to as vehicle-to-grid (V2G). Renewable energy-based microgrids integrated with electric vehicles (EVs) can be a promising transition. This proposed model has assessed the services that the main grid can provide, such as efficiency, storage and flexibility, reliability, frequency regulation, demand response, peak load management, and energy cost to consumers, through the integration of V2G and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) technology. The primary objective of this research is to assess the feasibility, challenges, and potential benefits associated with deploying V2G and G2V systems within the unique socio-economic and infrastructural context of Bangladesh. The proposed model is designed and investigated using SIMULINK design tools representing a V2G frequency regulation model for microgrids employing EVs. This microgrid analysis comprises a synchronous motor, baseload, two types of EV batteries, an electric vehicle aggregator, and transformers, considering actual power generation. Different scenarios, including charging current, DC-link voltage, power dissipation, and state-of-charge (SoC), have been analyzed in terms of regulating grid frequency for three different fidelity levels. The findings demonstrated that the V2G and G2V systems can deliver more effective frequency regulation during peak energy demand in microgrid systems. This research will delve into the existing infrastructure, technological requirements, and frameworks needed to support V2G and G2V systems.