Design and Performance Analysis of T-Shaped Frequency Reconfigurable Slot Antenna for 5G Communication

The emergence of fifth-generation (5G) wireless technology has attracted a lot of research interest in the development of innovative antennas to address the challenges of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signals. To fulfill the requirements of 5G cellular communication, we propose a T-shaped frequency reconfigurable slot antenna that can easily adapt its operating frequency. Reconfigurability is accomplished through the introduction and proper biasing of a pair of PIN diodes applied across a T-shaped slot antenna element. The proposed antenna dynamically adjusts its operating frequency at 28 GHz and 38 GHz keeping both PIN diodes at OFF and ON states respectively. This reconfigurable antenna is perfect for mobile devices as it is compact with a dimension of $6 \times 3.94$ mm
²
. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed antenna exhibits outstanding performance in terms of return loss, bandwidth, directivity, gain, radiation efficiency and VSWR. These attributes make it well-suited for 5G cellular communication.