Dosimetric Comparison of Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy and Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy in Carcinoma of Lung

Lung cancer has prominence globally, and claims over two million lives yearly. Radiotherapy uses medical imaging to detect disease severity and spatial relationships to treat malignancies while protecting healthy tissue. Computed Tomography (CT) was employed to examine the conformity of target coverage and normal tissue sparing in the context of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) and Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3DCRT). For each patient, objectives and organs at risk (OARs) were determined slice by slice. The Planning Target Volume (PTV) was affixed to the Multi-Leaf Collimator (MLC), and the 3DCRT treatment plan was developed utilizing the 7 fields box approach. Preparations were initiated for IMRT utilizing five gantry angles that were uniformly spaced and 6 MV beams. Our intention is to administer 50 Gy in 25 segments to each patient. Utilizing the Dose Volume Histogram (DVH), doses of the critical structures and targets for analysis were recorded. The target homogeneity of the 3DCRT and IMRT plans was comparable. Although IMRT utilized slightly more dosage volumes ($V_{5}, V_{10}$, and $V_{15}$) than 3DCRT, dose areas were larger. The IMRT plan resulted in 3.29 percent lower mean doses to the heart than the 3DCRT plan, which may indicate less cardiac damage. The average dosage administered to the spinal cord in the IMRT plan was 5.74 percent less than in the 3DCRT plan. The OAR conservation of IMRT is preferable to that of the 3DCRT plan. In the absence of IMRT or Volumetric Arc Therapy (VMAT) capabilities, centers may employ the 4 -field box approach with 15 MV beams and PTV-fitted MLC to decrease the volume of high-dose irradiation. This modification has the potential to yield a diminished toxicity profile.